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 Elysia sp.
Sea slug
                         

                           Sheridan Rabbitt (2013)

 

Fact Sheet

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Summary


Physical Description

Size and Colouration


External Anatomy


Ecology

Local Distribution and Microhabitat


Life History & Behaviour

Reproduction


Development and Locomotion


Feeding and Respiration


Behavioural Observations


Anatomy & Physiology

Internal Anatomy


Histological Sectioning


Evolution & Systematics

Phylogeny and Kleptoplasty


Biogeographic Distribution


Conservation & Threats


References & Links

Reference List


Useful Links


Glossary

Reference List

A complete list of all the literature referenced on this webpage can be found below. 
  1. Jensen KR: Anatomy of some Indo-Pacific Elysiidae (Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa(=Ascoglossa)), with a discussion of the generic division and phylogeny. J Moll Stud 1992, 58:257-296.
  2. Clark KB: Ascoglossan(=Sacoglossa) molluscs in the Florida Keys: Rare marine invertebrates atspecial risk. Bull Mar Sci 1994, 54(3):900-916.
  3. Chaffee C, Strathmann RR: Constraints on egg masses. I. Retarded development within thick egg masses. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 1984, 84:73-85.
  4. Thompson TE: Biology of Opisthobranch Molluscs. Volume I. London, The Ray Society; 1976:207.
  5. Hadfield MG, Switzer-Dunlap M: Opisthobranchs.In The Mollusca, Vol 7: Reproduction Edited by Verdonk NH, van Biggelaar JAM , Tompa AS. London, Academic Press; 1984:209-350.
  6. Leonard JL: Sexual conflict and the mating systems of simultaneously hermaphroditic gastropods. Am Malacol Bull 1991,9(1):45-58.
  7. Beeman RD: An autographic study of sperm exchange and storage in a sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori, a hermaphroditic gastropod (Opisthobranchia: Anapspidea). J Exp Zool 1970, 175:125-132.
  8. Rivest BR: Copulation by hypodermic injection in the nudibranchs Palio zosterae and P. dubia (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia). Bio Bull 1984, 167:543-554.
  9. Audesirk TE , Audesirk GJ: Behaviour of Gastropod Molluscs. In The Mollusca: Neurobiology and Behaviour Volume 8, part I. Edited by: Willows AOD. Orlando, Academic Press, 1985:1-94.
  10. Schmitt V, Anthes N, Michiels NK: Mating behaviour in the sea slug Elysia timida (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa): hypodermic injection, sperm transfer and balanced reciprocity. Frontiers in Zoology 2007, 4:17.
  11. Michiels NK, Ravens-Yoo_Heufes A, Kleine Brockmann K: Sperm trading and sex roles in the hermaphroditic opisthobranch sea slug Navanax inermis: eager females or opportunistic males?Biol J Linn Soc 2003, 78(I):105-116.
  12. Reid JD: The reproduction of the saccoglossan opisthobranch Elysia maoria. Proc Zool Soc Lond 1964, 143:365-393.
  13. Marcus E: On the genus Bosellia (Mollusca: Gastropoda; Ascoglossa). Bull Mar Sci 1973, 23:811-823.
  14. Gascoigne T: A note of some sacoglossan penial styles (Gastropoda: Opishthobranchia). Zool J Linn Soc 1974, 55:53-59.
  15. Jensen KR: Observations on copulation in two species of Elysia from Florida USA (Opisthobranchia, Ascoglossa). Ophelia1986, 25(I):25-32.
  16. Charnov EL: Simultaneous hermaphroditism and sexual selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979,76(5):2480-2484.
  17. Michiels NK, Streng A: Sperm exchange in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 1998,42(3):171-178.
  18. Michiels NK: Sexual adaptations to high density in hermaphrodites. Invert Reprod Devel 1999,36(1-3):35-40.
  19. Pongratz N, Michiels NK: High multiple paternity and low last-male sperm precedence in a hermaphroditic planarian flatworm: consequences for reciprocity patterns. Mol Ecol 2003,12:1245-1433.
  20. Birkhead TR, Moller AP: Sperm competition and sexual selection. Academic Press, New York; 1998.
  21. Angeloni L, Bradbury JW, Burton RS: Multiple mating, paternity, and body size in a simultaneous hermaphrodite, Aplysia californica. Behavioural Ecology 2003, 14(4):554-560.
  22. Angeloni L: Sexual selection in a simultaneous hermaphrodite with hypodermic insemination: body size, allocation to sexual roles and paternity. Anim Behav 2003, 66:417-426.
  23. Michiels NK, Bakovski B: Sperm trading in a hermaphroditic flatworm: reluctant fathers and sexy mothers. Anim Behav 2000,59:319-325.
  24. Michiels NK, Raven-Yoo-Heufes A, Kleine Brockmann K: Sperm trading and sex roles in the hermaphroditic opisthobranchsea slug Navanx inermis: eager females or opportunistic males?Biol J Linn Soc 2003, 78(1):105-116.
  25. Jensen KR: Copulatory behaviour in three shelled and five non-shelled Sacoglossans (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia), with a discussion of the phylogenetic significance of copulatory behaviour.Ophelia 1999, 51(2):93-106.
  26. Clark KB: Nudibranch life cycles inthe northwest Atlantic and their relationship to the ecology of fouling communities. Helgol Wis. Meeresunters 1975,27:28-69.
  27. Cimino G, Ghiselin MT: Chemical defense and evolution in the Sacoglossa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Chemoecology 1998, 8:51-60.
  28. Maeda T, Kajita T, Maruyama T, Hirano Y: Molecular Phylogeny of the Sacoglossa, With a Discussion of Gain and Loss of Kleptoplasty in the Evolution of the Group. Biol Bull 2010, 219(1):17-26.
  29. Vonnemann V, Schrodl M, Klussmann-Kolb, Wagle H: Reconstruction of the phylogeny of the opisthobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda) by means of 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences. J Moll Stud 2005, 71:113-125. 
  30. Jensen KR: The Diaphanidae as a possible sister group of the Sacoglossa (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia). In Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca Edited by Taylor JD. New York, Oxford University Press; 1996.
  31. Faulker DJ, Ghiselin MT: Chemical defense and the evolutionary ecology of dorid nudibranchs and some other opisthobranch gastropods. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 1983, 13:295-301.
  32. Jensen KR: Biogeography of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia). Bonner zoologische Beiträge 2007, 55:255-281.
  33. Carmona L, Malaquias MAE, Gosliner TM, Pola M, Cervera JL: Amphi-Atlantic Distributions and Cryptic Species in Sacoglossan Sea Slugs. J Moll Stud 2011, 77:401-412.
  34. DeFreese DE,Clark KB: Transepidermal uptake of dissolved free amino acids from seawaterby three ascoglossan opisthobranchs. J Moll Stud 1991, 57:65-74.
  35. Clark KB: Plant-likeanimals and animal-like plants: symbiotic coevolution of ascoglossan(=sacoglossan) molluscs, their algal prey, and algal plastids. In Algae and symbioses: plants, animals, fungi, viruses, interactions explored. Edited by: Reisser W. Bristol, UK, Biopress Ltd; 1992:515-530.
  36. Clark KB, DeFreese DE: Population ecology of Caribbean Ascoglossa (Mollusca:Opisthobranchia): a study of specialized algal herbivores.  Amer Malac Bull 1987, 5:259-280.

Classification

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